King Arthur Essays (1309 words) - Medieval Welsh Literature

King Arthur The mystical references to Arthur and his adventures are dated in literature in some form for over 1400 years, verifying the enduring appeal of this romantic character. Since the beginnings of the English language there have been legends of great heroes. The first settlements of Britain produced stories rooted in ancient Celtic and Germanic imagination; of the many, Arthur is undoubtedly preeminent. The earliest known description of Arthur's noble endeavors was written by Gildas, (ca. 490-540) the author of De excidio et conquestu Britanniae makes reference, albeit vague, to an Arthurian figure; however, the name Arthur is not mentioned in the story (Strayer 564). The full flourish of writings associated with his miraculous feats and victories do not reach a crescendo for several hundred years after Gildas (Strayer 564). During the Middle Ages, however, Arthurian myth was prominent and en vogue and attempts to discover the truth behind the myth have been pursued for generations. Arthur's history, as Geoffrey Ashe reminds us in The Discovery of King Arthur, is "more than just a medley of yarns, more than just a saga in the romanticism of myth. It puts him within a definite period. It names definite places and takes him to definite countries" (3). It is this fact and the fragmentary, often contradictory references of an Arthur (the Latin "Artur,"Arturius," or "Artorius") from ancient records, that lends enough validity to the story to set researchers on the Clodfelter 2 trail of the legendary king. However, progress has been stymied for a number of reasons and even now we can say little of substance about the man behind the myth. A major difficulty facing researchers is that the role of the historian in the Dark Ages was rather flexible; a mixture of storyteller and propagandist whose regional traditions, personal prejudices, and loyalties were bound to greatly influence the nature of its material (Coglan 214). In Arthur, Richard Barber clarifies this fact and speaks of the early tendency to use history as "...an inspiration or as a warning to the men of the present, or as part of a vast divine scheme for man's spiritual salvation" (Coglan 7). Another problem facing historians is that the earliest sources we have are never originals, but copies, and considering their age we must allow for the propagation of errors. One possible such error is found in the Annals of Wales, written in the tenth century. Its entry concerning the Battle of Badon claims that Arthur carried Christ's cross on his shoulder for three days, but it's likely that "shoulder" should instead be "shield," due to confusion between the Welsh words "scuid" and "scuit" (Alcock 51-52). The search for the truth of legend continues. Perhaps the best known of all Arthurian legends is that of Geoffrey of Monmouth. His History of the Kings of Britain, (ca. 1136) "Besides planting highly erroneous notions of British history,...supplied a basis and framework for Arthurian romance and exerted an influence extending through Spenser, Shakespeare, and many others" (Coglan 209). In it, Geoffrey recounts the history of Britain's leaders back to their beginning in 1115 BC to King Cadwallader's death in AD 689. Geoffrey's account, though most agree not strictly factual, offers a clear look into the events surrounding Arthur's death and is the starting point for much investigation (Coglan 214). Geoffrey's work was immensely popular and was not criticized during his lifetime Clodfelter 3 (Goodrich 45). Modern historians, however, have many reasons to be skeptical of Geoffrey's work. The most obvious problem is its anachronistic representation of a supposedly 5th century king in a very Norman England; as was typical of historians in his day, Geoffrey superimposed his contemporary culture upon his depiction of the past (Goodrich 47). Many inaccuracies exist in his description of the period. If there is an Arthur, he will not be a magnificent Christian king sitting astride a heavy Byzantine charger, accoutered in Norman plate armor. He will not be basking in a mighty castle between European excursions with a band of international knights; rather, he will be no more than an unkempt and possibly pagan military leader with little if any armor. He will likely have a small entourage of hired regional soldiers and live in no better than a crude wooden fortress. Amazingly, Geoffrey's glaring inaccuracies were convincing enough to find their way into the Oxford History of England, written in 1937 (332). Geoffrey also made huge geographical errors, such as placing King Arthur in Cornwall (Goodrich 42). He made errors in church history such as placing an Archbishop in Canterbury in Arthur's lifetime

National Identification System essays

National Identification System essays Should a national identification system in which each Americans DNA pattern is registered be established? Has the U.S. come to the point where we have to devise a national identification system in which everyones DNA pattern is registered in a network of computers? I believe so, and the process of using a persons DNA pattern for a national identification system is a very good idea. This identification system could be used to offer new jobs, put criminals - who are guilty - in jail, and also provide people with medical information about themselves and their health. I believe using a persons DNA pattern for a national identification system is a very good idea, even better than fingerprints. Although every human being is 99.9% identical, that .1% left makes a big difference between two people. By using a genome of 3 billion letters your DNA chain that tenth (.1%) is actually three million separate links in your DNA chain. That is how the difference between two people is figured out. I know its a difficult process, but it can be very useful in our society today, and that is why I think it is a very good idea. Although the identification system is a very complicated matter it could open up doors for job opportunities, for people that qualify. People that are qualified for the job might have to be: computer literate, able to work long hours, reliable and trustworthy to run sophisticated and expensive machinery, and have a background of knowledge of the DNA chain and patterns among it. Also, probably being a government funded job, benefits would be available, and the pay wouldnt be too bad either. Fingerprints are very useful in burglary and property crimes, but what about a rape case? Fingerprints wouldnt be very useful in a rape case, so DNA testing would have to be done on semen samples found at the scene of a crime. Fingerprint variations are spectacular and were con ...

SWOT Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SWOT Analysis - Assignment Example In was clearly stated in the Occupational Outlook Handbook published online by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics that the nursing profession has growth prospects of â€Å"26 percent from 2010 to 2020, faster than the average for all occupations. Growth will occur primarily because of technological advancements, permitting a greater number of health problems to be treated; an increased emphasis on preventive care; and the large, aging baby boomer population who will demand more healthcare services as they live longer and more active lives than previous generations† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012, par. 1). As expounded, â€Å"growth is expected to be much faster than average in outpatient care centers, where patients do not stay overnight, such as those that provide same-day chemotherapy, rehabilitation, and surgery. Also, an increased number of procedures, as well as more sophisticated procedures once done only in hospitals, are being done in physicians' offices† (B ureau of Labor Statistics, 2012, par. 2). Due to these opportunities, the types of skills sets that nurses need to lead in some of the identified areas should focus on â€Å"traditional nursing competencies such as care management and coordination, patient education, public health intervention, and transitional care are likely to dominate in a reformed health care system as it inevitably moves toward an emphasis on prevention and management rather than acute care†.... Growth will occur primarily because of technological advancements, permitting a greater number of health problems to be treated; an increased emphasis on preventive care; and the large, aging baby boomer population who will demand more healthcare services as they live longer and more active lives than previous generations† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012, par. 1). As expounded, â€Å"growth is expected to be much faster than average in outpatient care centers, where patients do not stay overnight, such as those that provide same-day chemotherapy, rehabilitation, and surgery. Also, an increased number of procedures, as well as more sophisticated procedures once done only in hospitals, are being done in physicians' offices† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012, par. 2). Due to these opportunities, the types of skills sets that nurses need to lead in some of the identified areas should focus on â€Å"traditional nursing competencies such as care management and coordination, patient education, public health intervention, and transitional care are likely to dominate in a reformed health care system as it inevitably moves toward an emphasis on prevention and management rather than acute care† (O’Neil, 2009; cited in Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2011, p. 1-5). Likewise, to address cultural diversity of patients, nurses must enhance skills on cultural competencies and diversity consciousness, as indicated. Question Three: What are some of the threats to nursing as a profession and to nurses as they work to implement change with quality care and patient centered focus in the acute care environment and in ambulatory

Discrimination in employment and labour market segmentation Essay

Discrimination in employment and labour market segmentation - Essay Example This research aims to evaluate and present inequality in workplaces that has been observed as a global scenario. The level and seriousness of these inequalities are however dependant on specific cultural and social realties relating to the workplace. This resultantly forms inequality regimes within the organisation. These are basically organisational meanings, processes, actions and practices which lead to bias on the basis of gender, class or race. It has been observed that in due course of time organisations automatically tend to develop these kinds of regimes which are unequal with others at various aspects. In contemporary organisations in Europe and all across the globe, these inequality regimes are denoted generally by gaps in salaries, powers and respect. Kertesi & Kollo has reported that there was substantial growth in inequalities within the organisations in Central and Eastern Europe. It is interesting to note that these trends are observed in Europe even in organisations w hich work towards specific social causes. Ferree and Martin and Scott have provided evidences suggesting inequality regimes prevalent in egalitarian feminist organizations. This must be read together with the fact that the larger vision of these organisations are bringing in gender equality. This observation suggests the extent to which labour market is segmented inequality is prevalent in work environments and confirms the existence of labour market segmentation in Europe. ... In contemporary organisations in Europe and all across the globe, these inequality regimes are denoted generally by gaps in salaries, powers and respect. Kertesi & Kollo (2000) has reported that there was substantial growth in inequalities within the organisations in Central and Eastern Europe. It is interesting to note that these trends are observed in Europe even in organisations which work towards specific social causes. Ferree and Martin (1995) and Scott (2000) have provided evidences suggesting inequality regimes prevalent in egalitarian feminist organizations. This must be read together with the fact that the larger vision of these organisations are bringing in gender equality. This observation suggests the extent to which labour market is segmented inequality is prevalent in work environments and confirms the existence of labour market segmentation in Europe. Acker (2006) has defined organisational inequality as â€Å"systematic disparities between participants in power and c ontrol over goals, resources, and outcomes; workplace decisions such as how to organize work; opportunities for promotion and interesting work; security in employment and benefits; pay and other monetary rewards; respect; and pleasures in work and work relations†. As mentioned earlier the extent of disparities in these factors will differ with organisations. It has been observed that out of these factors the most reported ones are inequality over goals and resources. Inequalities in organisations are both direct and indirect in nature. The direct implication of inequality is the formation of inequality regimes as mentioned before. It has been widely approved by researchers that on the job inequality does not constrain its causal roots to the behavioural traits of the employees.

Project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project 2 - Essay Example The second step is for the temperature to be allocated in various topological areas, using a model through which a single cell affects the next cell’s temperature. Alterations in the temperature of the whole plate goes on to the last spot when it attains equilibrium point. There are various tools to be used when plotting temperatures on a given scale. In this context, the contour plotting tool will be used to determine temperature distribution across diversified topologies in cases where different basic temperatures are utilized for the walls of a specified grid. In order to avoid too much theoretical work, tables and figures will be used to summarize some points in this assignment, and to clarify complex explanations. Four instance, the four types of topologies that have been used to explore temperature distribution are represented in the figure below and the table shows their matching details. This is simply to ease understanding and guide the

Human Superiority Over Animals

Human Superiority Over Animals Superior is a relative term. Humans are capable of doing advanced things, which set us apart from other species on earth, such as using tools. We have the physical advantage of using our hands, which due to our opposable thumb makes it much easier for humans to use tools compared to a bird, or a four-legged animal. Hands also allow the human race to compensate for their inherent lack of anti-predator adaptations, such as camouflage, venom, claws and general muscle mass by building weapons and protective shelter. Humans consider these adaptations to be far superior to any other species on earth, and this certainly goes a long way to the feelings of dominance over animals. Most people would agree that humans differ from other animals in terms of intelligence; however, biologically speaking humans are classified as animals. Dictionary.com (2010) describes an animal to be A multicellular organism of the kingdom Animalia, differing from plants in certain typical characteristics such as ca pacity for locomotion, nonphotosynthetic metabolism, pronounced response to stimuli, restricted growth, and fixed bodily structure. All of these qualities apply to humans and other animals alike. As plain as it is to see the similarities between humans and chimpanzees, with which we share 98% of our genetic information (Science Museum, 2010), there is no doubt that humans have pedestaled themselves above the animal kingdom. We generally use the term animal to describe a creature that is not human. For example, you would never see RSPCA(EH) Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Excluding Humans). Hunting Humans have hunted wild animals since the beginning of the Homo genus 2.5 million years ago, long before civilizations were formed (Holzman, 2003). From hunting solely for survival, ensuring that every part of the captured animal was put to good use, to trapping live prey to sell and ultimately becoming a sport, huntings role in society has changed and evolved dramatically throughout history (Lewis, 2009: 49). Hunting with horses and dogs is emblematic of how hunts in modern Britain are typically perceived, but this has not always been the case. Horses and sometimes dogs were an important part of our food chain long before they were partnered with man (Lewis, 2009:50). Although it is unclear when man started to work along side the original wolf descendents of the 10.5 million estimated canine pets in the UK alone (Browne et al., 2010), it appears that they developed their relationship around 20,000 years ago (Serpell, 1995: 7). The domestication of wolves was a natural and logical st ep in improving early mankinds hunting development. Wolves have a strict natural order in their packs identifying one leader that they will all follow, a position that was taken by Late Stone Age man (Lewis, 2009: 54). Wolves superior senses were hugely beneficial to humans. Smell, sight and hearing coupled with their instinctual need for protecting their pack would have provided man with excellent added protection from carnivores and hostile groups of other humans. Apart from the advantages these senses would give humans during a hunt, all of these reasons helped to form the foundations of their symbiotic relationship. There are many possible processes that may have lead to the domestication of the wolf with the most popular theory having a basis in natural selection (Serpell, 1995: 7-21). This hypothesis maintains that wolves ventured into human communities to feed from their left over food waste. Over many generations these wolves would have become more comfortable and less fearful of humans resulting in greater sustenance. Natural selection would favour the wolves less inclined to flee the humans, and this lack of fear would have been learned by the wolf cubs. This process would have eventually led to the domestication and introduction of dogs. Once these dog ancestors were inducted into communities, humans would have begun to breed the animals selectively to produce traits specialized in hunting local prey. Selective breeding from early prehistory was the basis of the huge variations in dog breeds that we see today. As hunting became a sport rather than a life duty, the role of dogs continued to evolve and certain groups of dogs were specifically bred developing strong bloodlines (see Appendix one) There are two main types of hunts typically associated with Britain. The most popular is fox hunting which is an activity that involves tracking, chasing, and sometimes killing of a (traditionally red) fox. A group of followers are led to the fox on horseback or on foot by the trained scent hounds. Deer hunting is also enjoyed by many and either involves the chasing and killing of deer with a pack of hounds or deer stalking and shooting. This is usually done just with human participation as dogs can cause too much of a disturbance (Bateson and Bradshaw, 2000). Bow hunting deer is also a recreational sport that can be seen all over the globe. Although 10,000 deer per annum are thought to be killed by this method in the EU alone, the UK is one of two countries worldwide (the second being Senegal) where the practice is illegal due to welfare implications (Gregory, 2005). Hunting has long been a fashionable British pastime for royal and rural society. William the Conqueror was a keen huntsman who supposedly loved red deer as much as if he were their father (Griffin, 2007: 15). He realised that in order to maintain a huntable population of red deer in this country he needed to ensure their protection and conservation. He introduced control over when and where hunting was acceptable, which included the prevention of deer hunting during their mating season. This ensured a new generation of the animals to replace those killed. He established royal forests for the preservation of deer, which consisted not just of woodland, but also common land, arable land, moors and heaths. These royal forests lay outside of common law and became subject to forest law, placing them directly under the personal rule of the king. This action caused new ideas concerning ownership of the wild animals to come to life. Where it had once been the case that the hunted deer belonge d to whomevers land they lived on, William I declared that only he had the right to hunt wild deer as they belonged solely to him (Griffin, 2007: 20). Ultimately the kings laws made it very difficult for all those living in woodland areas. He prohibited hunting of all animals so as not to disturb his royal game and ruled that all dogs living in or around woodlands must be mutilated in order to prevent them chasing his deer. The necessary toe-removing procedure was known as lawing, and was later described by an authority as follows: The mastive being brought to set one of his forefoot upon a piece of wood eight inches thick and a foot square, then one with a mallet, setting a chisel two inches broad upon the three claws of his forefoot, at one blow doth smite them cleane off (Griffin, 2007:18) Hunting animals for food is often seen to be much more acceptable than hunting purely for the sake of killing (Lewis, 2009: 181). Foxes are largely thought of as vermin and for generations farmers had regularly killed them as a form of pest control. It wasnt until a decline in the UKs deer population in the eighteenth century that foxhunting evolved into its modern incarnation and was considered a sport in its own right (Craig, no date given). The activity grew in popularity with dogs being bred specifically for their scent tracking abilities, speed and stamina. The specialized breeding of the dogs resulted in longer, more exciting hunts, which were more attractive to those involved. The expansion of the British Empire under the reign of Queen Victoria spread fox hunting to far reaches of the globe. The European fox was introduced into Australia during the nineteenth century solely for recreational hunting (Dickman and Glen, 2005). Fox hunting in Britain continued to grow in populari ty well into the twentieth century despite the sport being banned in other European countries such as Germany (BBC, 1999a). In recent years however, the sport has undergone much controversy and has been involved in a great deal of debate between those who support the activity and those who oppose it. Many believe that fox hunting, in particular with mounted hunters and dogs, is cruel and outdated (BBC, 1999b). Foxes are considered to be vermin by some farmers and country folk who experience/fear loss of livestock due to these wild animals (Baker et al., 2000). Foxes are also known to kill many animals but only take one for feeding, which does not help improve farmers opinions of them when they are faced with so much unnecessary waste of livestock. Because of this, it is common practice for some farmers to shoot a fox on sight. This can have further consequences, such as the case of Edward Tibbs, a farmer who works in Essex. He was arrested on the grounds of attempted murder in Augus t 2010 as he shot two human trespassers with a shotgun after mistaking them for a fox. His gun licence has since been removed as the police consider him a danger to public safety and peace (Twomey, 2010) (See appendix 2 for full article). The argument that mounted fox hunting is performing an important role in the British countryside by helping to control huge numbers of foxes is an idea that sits uneasily for many people. It has been suggested that the method of this process is more uncomfortable than the principle of killing (Baker et al., 2003). Commonly a pack of dogs is used to chase a fox through the countryside, until it is either caught, manages to escape the scenting abilities of the hounds or until it reaches its den (but even then it can be flushed out and shot). It is argued that by using dogs, the hunt is made fairer by giving the fox the opportunity to escape rather than been located by humans and shot outright. Another justification behind this method is that the heal thier the fox is, the more likely it is to out run the hounds, therefore only the elderly and infirmed foxes are captured which helps to maintain a healthy population (Support Fox Hunting, 2010). It is also argued that mounted hunts are not an effective form of population control. The number of foxes killed during hunts are insignificant when compared to those killed in road accidents. The pest control argument has also been discredited by the fact that there have been times when there has been a shortage of foxes in Britain and that they have had to be imported from Europe to maintain a huntable population (May, 2010). Scientific research performed during the nationwide one-year hunting ban in 2001, during the foot-and-mouth disease crisis showed that the ban played no significant impact on fox populations (Baker et al., 2002). With talks of introducing a ban on hunting the Burns inquiry was commissioned in 1999 to establish the facts about fox hunting (Lord Burns, 2000). The report found that there were over 200 active hunting packs in England and Wales and that the number of foxes killed annually was between 21,000 and 25,000, around 6% of the 400,000 foxes estimated to di e annually (Leader-Williams et al., 2002). The report also established that there were a high number or foxes being dug out and shot by individual landowners and farmers on top of those being hunted. There are many jobs dependent on fox hunting ranging from kennel workers to clothing industries that make the pinks for the huntsmen. The report found there is still a great deal of support for the hunts especially in the rural communities. The hunts provided a very important social function, bringing together vast networks of otherwise isolated people. Although it claimed that hunting with dogs seriously compromises the welfare of foxes, it did not outright support a ban on the activity (Lord Burns, 2000). The government introduced an options bill in 2000, which led to the House of Commons voting for a ban of the sport and the House of Lords voted for self-regulation. In 2004, The Hunting Act was passed to protect foxes (BBC, 1999). As of February 2005 it has been illegal in England an d Wales to hunt animals with more than two dogs, which is a step towards giving foxes similar legal protection against cruelty that other, more popular animals have received for generations. The Hunting Act affected not only hunters and the hunted, but reached contemporary art practice. Scenes of fox hunting have traditionally focused on the aesthetics of the chase. Detail would go into the beautiful countryside, the red coats that the hunters wore, the powerful horses or the groups of hunting dogs. The depiction would be centred on the prestige and glory of the hunters, with nothing for the brutality of the victims death (Fig. 1). Generally, they do not show the full truth or the outcome of the hunt. This is something that animal rights activist and artist Angela Singer feels very strongly about. Her works centre on the violence and pointlessness of the hunt that is rarely seen in art as well as the relationships humans share with animals. We cherish and adore those animals that we choose to share our lives and homes with, yet mass-produce others in predominantly appalling conditions purely for consumption. The majority of the animals are caged indoors for their entire lives and some get so bored and agitated by the intense overpopulation and lack of external stimulation, they fight and ultimately end up eating one another (Channel 4, 2008a,b). Singer maintains that hunting in modern day western society represents a disgraceful attitude toward animals, which reinforces the idea that these animals are disposable, soulless creatures and promotes human superiority towards them (Duffy, 2009). In reaction to the thought of the country woman sitting at home, waiting for her hunter husband to return, oblivious to the reality and brutality of the hunt, Singer created a piece of work entitled, Fall (Fig. 2). It is a twist on traditional cross-stitch designs. These designs tend to show an idealistic interpretation of what would happen during a hunt. The hunted animal is shown rather content being run down by packs of dogs and men with guns (Duffy, 2009). The tapestries would not show blood, massively reducing the evidence of the animals violent death experience. Singers tapestry depicts a more authentic and genuine representation of a hunted games death. It shows a duck that has been shot, falling from the empty sky surrounded by blood red woollen spray. The work is made much more interesting by Singers choice of medium. By using cross-stitch she accentuates the different traditional roles of men and women: the hunter man, and supposedly naive cross-stitching woman. Singer does nt want her viewers to be like the wife, unaware of the animals senseless death. By showing a truthful representation of the killing she is in some way honouring the animals death and by the nature of tapestry she is literally bringing home the truth about the hunt. The historic looking frame also highlights the out-dated way humans regard animals. Singers more recent works have focused on using taxidermy to reflect on issues surrounding hunting. Singer lives in New Zealand where hunting for sport is very common and as a result so are hunting trophies (Potts, 2009). She recycles donated hunting souvenirs to challenge the publics attitudes towards these sports (Baker, 2008). Taxidermists traditionally try to make the animal look alive, all traces of the animals death are removed and the creature is placed into a serene pose. Singers approach to the frozen animals is what she describes to be de-taxidermy (Mudie, 2007). She strips back the taxidermists work to expose bullet wounds and scars, revealing the evidence of the aggression inflicted upon on the animals. By undoing the taxidermists work, Singer forces the viewer to confront their own attitude toward hunting. It can be easy to forget what the animals must have gone through in the name of sport, when they are positioned into these calm poses; this is something Singer wishes to address. She is surprised by how indifferent the majority of people seemed to respond to the presence of hunting trophies being hung in bars and resturants. Singer said that, It seems to me very disturbing that an enormous dead animal in a room could be ignored in that wayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It gave me the idea to use old hunting trophies to explore the human-animal relationship. I hoped to be able to make the trophy more controversial, it gave it a greater presence and makes it not so easy to ignore (Pacheco, 2009) One of her works titled Brand New Wilderness shows just how powerful using taxidermy can be (Fig. 3). There is one image of a rabbit included in the work that is particularly disturbing to look at. The rabbits formerly concealed wounds have been reopened and adorned with red beads and buttons symbolizing the blood and suffering the animal went through in its death. When first looking at the piece, the viewer instantly feels disgust and then guilt; the audience is forced to question how and why the animal was killed. After the initial shock has worn off the viewer then has the opportunity to see the beauty and care that has gone into creating the work. There is a huge contrast between the aesthetics of the beads, which are traditionally used to make jewelry and other attractive objects, and the morbid nature of the work which confronts the observer to deal with creutly involved. Singer is also inspired by the way in which the animal has been killed to influence her work. For example, her piece entitled Sore (an archaic name for a fallow deer (Baker, 2009)) shows a stag trophy head covered in blood like red wax (Fig. 4) (Aloi, 2008).The piece relates to the history of the stags death. When the hunter had originally killed the deer and sawn off its antlers, both he and the deer would have become covered in blood. Antlers contain a blood reservoir so naturally when cut blood pours out. The resultant work is alarming and hard to look at. The stags gaze creates unease in the viewer as it glares accusingly. This is undoubtedly not a piece of subtle, serenely posed taxidermy. Sore certainly makes the observer question the morality of hunting and forces them to think about their own feelings and relationships toward animals. Polly Morgan is another artist who uses dead animal bodies as her raw material. Her work is much more focused on preserving the animals in death, compared to Angela singer, whose work is a celebration of the animals life. Singer uses recycled taxidermy to create her pieces, whereas Morgan taxidermys her animals freshly after they have died. Unlike Singer, Polly Morgan does not want to make political comments on animal welfare through her artwork. She is interested in how the animals look when they are brought to her, not in what sort of life they might have lived, nor how the animals came to die (Pengilley, 2010). Morgan admits to not being sentimental regarding the animals that she uses: I confess I think less about their souls the more I handle them. I prefer live animals but I have this selfish overbearing urge to hold them and examine them and just generally do all the things they hate. Dead, I can spend as long as I like looking (Morgan, 2010: 89). Polly Morgan recently put on her first solo show, titled Psychopomps at the Haunch of Venison gallery (Eyre, 2010). One piece of work that she exhibited was a large birdcage suspended from the ceiling, seemingly being held up by an array of orange finches and canaries. The birds are attached to a burnt cage-like flying contraption inspired by an old Victorian image (Fig. 5) (Morgan, 2010: 7). The birds, in various stages of flight are tethered to the contraption, supposedly flying it through the gallery space. Systemic Inflammation (Fig. 6) is a re-visioning of an earlier, larger work titled, Departures (Morgan, 2010: 39). The idea of the artworks is that the space inside the cage is large enough for a man to fit. The man can be transported around by the birds but he is himself trapped inside the cage, while the birds have the real freedom of flight despite the fact that they are bound to the structure. The charred and distressed human cage, coupled with the birds dyed various shades of orange (Fig. 7) creates a surreal and slightly nightmarish atmosphere in the gallery. This piece coupled with the two suspended spheres, each made of 60 right wings, makes the space feel fantastical, yet very macabre. This feeling is clearly her intention; all of the pieces shown in the exhibition are named after deadly afflictions or illnesses. Blue fever (Fig. 8) the first hanging orb is made entirely of pigeon wings and Black fever (Fig. 9) crow. In both objects the wings are positioned in different stages of flight, causing the work to feel organic, as though it has a pulse. By discarding most of the birds bodies and only using the right wings, Morgan helps the viewer to detach from their feelings and emotions regarding the animal as a whole [Collinge, 2010]. By only seeing an explosion of wings, the audience is less distracted by what the work is made of allowing them to appreciate the animals as the objects they become in death. Animal Testing As well as using animals for sport we have for a long time used them for scientific purposes. Physiological research has been common on animals for centuries, but the event that is considered by many to have sparked the British debate on the subject came in the 19th century. In 1874 a French scientist Eugene Magnan gave a lecture to the British Medical Association which culminated with a demonstration where he induced epileptic seizures in a dog by injecting it with Absinthe. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Creulty to Animals (formed 50 years previously (RSPCA, 2010)) brought legal charges against Dr Magnon who fled prosecution by returning to France (Matfield, 2002a). The press ran the story with enthusiasm and the worlds first anti-vivisection group was formed in London a year later, The National Anti-Vivisection Society (Matfield, 2002b). With the wars of the 20th century the issue was put on the backburner, as the general public became more understanding towards military development and had more pressing welfare issues of their own (Matfield, 1991). The public backlash returned with greater force than ever before in the 1970s and reached its peak at the end of the millennium. In 1997 peaceful protests lost their media coverage in favour of a few extremist acts (Matfield, 2002a). Consort, a laboratory dog breeder ceased trading following continuous harrassment and attacks of staff members, as did Hillgrove farm, a cat supplier, Regal Rabbits and other animal breeders (Davies, 1999). In 2000 animal rights extremists focused their attention on Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), the company that has since become synonymous with this issue. Several videos, filmed by hidden cameras were released which severely dented the companies reputation (see supplementary CD for examples). The extremism continued to escalate until, amongst other illegal activites, activists almost blinded HLSs marketing director and broke several ribs of the companies managing director (Anon., 2001). These actions were interpreted in the media as a step too far, and damaged the fight against animal testing. Along with greater police powers to crack down on extremists (Abbott, 2010a) and counter campaigns set out by the lobby group Understanding Animal Research in 2005 (Campbell, 2010), the British public seems to be rather more neutral towards the subject. In 2010, Lord Drayson, the UKs science minister who was the chief executive of a biotechnology company at the height of the violence, said about animal testing and the British publics opinion: The picture is much better nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I think we have made and won the argument, but we have to continue to make the argument (Gray, 2010). However around the world, scientists still clash with politicians on the content of ethical laws. For example, in 2008, Switzerland banned the use of macaque brains in research as the fundamental understanding gained had no immediate advantages. The Swiss courts consider this t o be unconstitutional as the benefit to society is not worth the burden placed upon the animals. Kevan Martin, a leading Swiss researcher in the area argues that We need to understand the basic biology of our brains in order to be able to successfully treat brain diseases such as Parkinsons (Abbott, 2008). EU laws on the issue are constantly being redrafted to varying degrees of strictness. Currently the proposed laws allow moderate pain to the animals and have recently scraped the condition that animals must be destroyed immediately after a single procedure. It also introduces benefits to lab animals such as minimum cage sizes for all species (Abbott, 2010b). Animal testing is essential in the development of new drugs. Take for example the steps involved in bringing new cancer medicines to market. First a compound has to be designed and synthesized. This process usually involves a trial and error system of slightly changing existing drugs, or making a molecule that will specifically target a part of a cancer cell. This drug will then be incubated with specifically grown cells of different forms of cancer. If it kills a certain proportion of these cells then it will enter clinical trials. Here, animals, most commonly mice, with cancer are exposed to various quantities of the future drug. This plays two essential roles. Firstly, it shows whether the drug actually works in a real biological system or if it kills a large amount of healthy cells as well. Secondly it sets a benchmark for how much of the drug can be administered to a person before serious side effects occur. After this the drug is tested on critically ill human patients, paid vo lunteers and eventually is licensed for prescription by doctors (Nako, 2010). Larger animals, such as dogs and monkeys, are often necessary in the drug development process and after a walk around Parliament Square, London it seems apparent that graphic images of these animals are used more than those of mice in protester art (Fig. 10). According to a chart taken from the HLS website shows that in 2003, mice, fish and birds account for the vast majority of regulated procedures on animals in the UK. (Fig. 11) These animals are generally perceived by the British public as being superior, or perhaps dogs are seen as pets, and monkeys as too humanoid. Some scientists, having become aware of the role that public opinion can have in their research (Hobson-West, 2010), have embarked on the RETHINK project which is designed to help reduce, replace and refine animal testing by using a special breed of pigs called minipigs (Bode et al., 2010a). Pigs have remarkably similar toxicology to humans and until recently slightly altered pig insulin has been given to Type I diabetics (Norman, 2009). Currently over 60,000 pigs are used per annum in the EU alone as they have similar skin, cardiovascular and digestive systems to humans (Svendsen, 2006). The pig is a food animal, bred in their millions for worldwide human food consumption, they hope that the British public will be even more understanding and sympathetic to future research (Bode et al., 2010b). Studies suggest that with further education, public attitudes could change dramatically. 84% of people surveyed in 2000 called themselves conditional acceptors of animal research. This means that they would accept the research if there was little burden on the animals and that the experimentation was for a serious purpose. The study also found that the vast majority of those questioned did not realise that these conditions have been met and thoroughly enforced since the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act of 1986 was passed by the UK government(Matfield, 2002b). An assessment of the standard of laboratory mouse welfare in the UK was conducted in 2008 and was considered to be good, with generally good health and often much more living space than legally required. Some units were found to have an excess of negative environmental factors, such as noise and light intensity, but it could be argued that, to some extent, these factors are far from ideal for wild mice living in some parts of the country (Leach, 2008). Another study has shown that due to strict animal testing rules, laboratory animals may get a better standard of welfare on average than pet, farm, or wild animals (Honess and Wolfensohn, 2007). The researchers claim that there are little restrictions placed upon who can keep pets unless the person has already been caught committing an offence, such as Mary Bale, a woman who caused a media storm in 2010 after being caught on CCTV placing a cat in a wheelie bin. (Fig. 12) She was made to pay costs of almost  £1,500 and has been banned from keeping pets for 5 years (Cooper, 2010). A pet owner also has no legal commitment to take their pet to a vet when they become ill, no commitment to pay for the necessary treatment and even the most loving and devoted owner may cause welfare issues, for example, overfeeding the animal until it is obese. Farm animals were found to often suffer more discomfort over prolonged periods of time as the welfare of the animals becomes a profit issue. Although fundamental research may have no immediate advantage for society, animal products are needed in day to day diagnostic techniques. Animal blood is vital in diagnosing many diseases, ranging from the relatively benign to life threatening. According to Elizabeth Nakoneczna (2010), senior microbiologist at St. Thomas hospital, London Horse blood is used as an essential ingredient in the routine culture of bacteria. Some pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis, the most dangerous form of meningitis, require blood to grow and many of these require the detection of haemolysis, the break down of red blood cells, for correct diagnosisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I am not sure how the horse blood is obtainedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Some diagnostic tests have improved significantly since I was a trainee 25 years ago. For example, to test for TB, microbiologists used to take a sample from the patient and inject it in a rabbit. After a month or so the rabbit would be killed and scientists would look for signs of the disease. Although now the test still takes up to six weeks, specialist culture media is used instead of live animals. When asked if she can foresee an end to animal participation in hospitals within her lifetime, she replied With rapid scientific progression, The use of polymerase chain reactions for the detection of bacteria is already starting to replace the need for blood infused agar. With rapid scientific progression it seems reasonable to imagine a future where animal products are no longer necessary in diagnostic medicine. (Nakoneczna, 2010) Scientists try to use computer modeling and other research techniques that exclude animals (Dolgin, 2010), but there are still plenty of studies that need them (Coghlan, 1996). Amongst these are experiments into sheep with human livers. Human bone marrow stem cells are injected into fetal sheep so that when the lamb is born its liver is made up mostly of the humans cells. The lamb is then sacrificed and its liver transplanted into the human. The bodys immune system quickly eliminates the lambs liver cells resulting in a brand new organ, perfectly matched for the human. Because the liver is made predominantly of the humans cells, it makes the body much less likely to reject the organ, potentially saving hundreds of human lives, but at the cost of those of hundreds of sheep (Bailey, 2004). Scientists have really begun to obscure boundaries between animals and humans by creating hybrid creatures. In 2005 human cells were successfully fused with rabbit eggs to create the first human-anim al chimeras. The resulting embryos were then allowed to develop in a laboratory dish for a number of days before they were destroyed to harvest stem cells (Mott, 2005). Another artist that q

Natural Childbirth is Superior to Drug Induced Childbirth Essay

I remember when my water bag broke; it was August 12, 1992, and the time was 12:15am.I was very excited that I would see my new baby on her due date. I did what the child birthing book recommended. I woke my husband up and told him to call the hospital. In the meantime I decided to take a shower. I was pretty calm because I didn't have any contractions. I wore my best maternity outfit and was spruced up compared to my husband. I even put on some perfume. You see, we had just gone to bed at 11:30 that night. My husband looked a little worse for wear. We got to the hospital and then were led into the maternity room. The room looked a little dingy with its yellow light and peeling paint. The hospital bed was small and narrow. I got scared, and I wanted my mother. My husband and I had moved to the States from the Middle East when I was seven months pregnant. We never had a chance to take any child birthing classes. I was nervous. A very pleasant-faced nurse came into the room to talk to us. My unfounded fears were brushed away by her calm demeanor. A few hours went by, the contractions started to get stronger, and I requested an epidural. After I got the epidural I didn't feel any pain at all. I was excited. I told my husband if this was how child birthing is, I was ready to have a brood like the Waltons. Then my labor pains stopped completely. My dilation stopped at seven centimeters. The doctor came in to check me and said that it would be better if they induced me. So I got a dose of pitocin. I felt pain like I had never before. I couldn't bear the pain of the contractions anymore. Finally, after twenty two hours of labor, the doctors told my husband that they would do an emergency Cesarean section. By then I was oblivious to al... ... experiences labor has a profound long term impact on her life. Goer, Henci. "Epidurals Myth Vs Reality." Childbirth Instructor Magazine Winter 1995: 17-22. I took a deep breath and pushed till I thought my eyeballs would pop out. In a gush she arrived, and they laid her on my chest where she immediately started to nurse. My husband started to cry for joy and I just had the biggest grin on my face. I did it, I did it!! Through the research I have done, I have found that you have choices in everything. The choice that I made was worth it -for me and my baby. Natural child birth is fulfilling, and I am thankful for all the help I got to make that happen. Choices in child birthing have to be made carefully and wisely by the family and their OB/GYN doctor. Information is vast in this country, and it is just a matter of educating yourself to make the right choices.

My Studying Experience Essay

Whenever I set my mind to work on a variety of things, I place sufficient importance to each of them and adequately accomplish all of them with strict perseverance. My transcript shows that I have taken several courses in advance and achieved high scores in them. I selected many courses that though are not directly related to my major, are fine sources of knowledge where I was able to learn great lessons. My overall grades are not perfect, but it is worth noting that I earned outstanding 4.0s in all the major courses I had taken. It is also significant to see that I took these major courses in advance. I consider my accomplishment valuable because overcoming difficulties in the achievement of relevant knowledge is a foremost necessity in discovering outcomes when I become a researcher. I took a two semester junior course in both ‘Introduction to Electromagnetism’ and ‘Engineering Electromagnetics’ during my freshman and sophomore years and acquired â€Å"A†s on both courses. When I was a sophomore, I also obtained an ‘A’ taking ‘Introduction to Quantum and Optical Electronics’ which was actually a junior level course in the engineering department. Furthermore, my interest in lasers led me to take a senior course on lasers where I also gained an ‘A’. These accomplishments gave me not only high scores but also fulfillment with respect to my intellectual curiosity. I developed an ability of finding problems and solving them without adequate background knowledge. As a result, I was awarded scholarships almost every semester. However, my interest wasn’t solely on major course work. I took classes such as ‘History of Western Art’, ‘Nation and Art’, ‘Philosophical understanding of science and technology’ and the like. I especially enjoyed the art related classes. In ‘Nation and Art’, I presented about Paik Nam Jun who was the renowned founder of video art. I was encouraged because the professor, the first person in Korea who obtained a Ph.D. for Korean art philosophy, highly appreciated my work. She so impressed that she asked me for an additional term paper for her future lecture. She gave me the highest score even among the art majors in the class. In my studies, I was impressed with the fact that artists also considered deeply about the notions in physics. For example, Velasquez and Picasso dealt with both space and time together in their art pieces as Einstein did in his theory of Relativity. In conclusion, I feel proud of my accomplishments in both major and non-major activities. During the two and a half years that I spent in the university, I tried to achieve academically with diversity. Pursuing a variety of interests with great passion, I learned many significant things. I realized that by choosing my unusual curriculum, I occasionally understood concepts in physics differently from others. For example, the concept of ‘beauty’ which I learned in art somehow helped me understand the structure in physics. I believe I could widen my experience even further by studying in UC Berkeley.

pendiulm effects essays

pendiulm effects essays In this experiment we will observe the properties of a pendulum moving in a circular motion rather than the traditional back and forth motion. This will simulate the direction that a satellite would follow above the earths atmosphere. The purpose of this experminate will be to show how gravity pulls on the string and the path that the pendulum follows. 1. Pendulum with long string 4. Digital stop watch 2. pendulum clamp 5. two-meter stick 3. circular path draen on paper 6. vernier caliper hang the pendulum for the attached rod and allow the pendulum so its nearly to the floor. Then align the ball with the center of your circled paper and center the pendulum onto the circle. Practice rotating the pendulum so it follow the circle that you have made. After you have practiced this a few times make a mark on the circle, this is your starting point. Start the pendulum into motion so it will follow its path on the paper and after it has made a complete reveloution that is your first turn. Using your stop watch start timing the reveloutions that it has made. You can use as many turns as you like, just remember that you must make 1 complete turn before stateing that it is one turn. Average radius of pendulum arc 30.5cm (Converted to Meters - .0153m) Length of pendulum string( to the top of bob) - 161.8cm Bob diameter 2.5cm Pendulum length to center of bob - 163.05cm Angle of string from vertical 5.38Â ° Time for 4 reveolutions = 10.57 seconds. Average period = 2.643seconds. Average speed 2.376 m/sec. (15.25/1000 = .0153m*.364m/sec = 2.376 m/sec.) % difference = {(am Ap)/Ap} * 100% = -6.28% ...

A Raisin in the Sun Essay

A Raisin in the Sun Essay A Raisin in the Sun was an awesome book about many things. It was about a black family struggling with economic hardship and racial prejudice. This play showed the importance of family, the value of dreams, and about racial discrimination. The further the play went the more there was to learn from the Youngers. All of the members of the Younger family had dreams and visions which could either break or make there family depending on what they chose. Even though every member of the Younger family had a dream there dreams were very different from each other. Mama’s dream was for her to have a nice house with a garden in the back yard just like her and her husband wanted. She felt that her dream would help out the whole family, because they could take care of Travis better and he could grow up in a better neighborhood and become a great man. Lena was the only one looking out for the family instead of thinking about herself except for Ruth. She wasn’t part of the blood family, but she wanted the best for everybody. She agreed with Lena. The only thing she wanted was the abortion of the future child that she had recently found out she was having. Beneatha wanted to know about herself. She wanted to know where she came from. She wanted to know more about the â€Å"homeland†. She wants to be a doctor and represent the country from which she came. The one whose dream affected the whole family was Walter’s dre am. He wanted to make a lot of money, and he figured he had a full proof plan to do it. He wanted to invest into a liquor store with a couple of buddies of his, not knowing that this was probably the biggest mistake of his life. Which phrase can express the meaning of â€Å"a real life  journey† through a story â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†? A real life journey is referred as â€Å"use of space†. It is divided into three elements: city, wild, and place. City is a symbolic city, which represents something else rather than the city. Wild is the place where people learn their life lessons. Rural is the final settlement for their life. What is the main message from these three elements? City is a symbolic city. It is temporary and artificial. The Younger’s family lives in a poor condition, three generations in a small apartment. They do not want to stay in this poor living condition. It is too crowded for their family. They are tired of the small apartment because â€Å"They have clearly had to accommodate the living of too many people for too many years- and they are tired† (Madden 286). They share bathroom with another family on the same floor. Hansberry writes that â€Å"The child, a sturdy, handsome little boy [†¦] goes out to the bathroom, which is in an outside hall and which is shared by another family or families on the same floor† (287). Can one big check change this poor condition? The check represents big Walter’s life and belongs to mother, Lena. Although they know that the check will come on Saturday, somehow, Younger’s family becomes very exciting. In the early Friday morning, Walter asks Ruth that â€Å"Check c oming today?† (Madden 288). Ruth replies to him, â€Å"They said Saturday and this is just Friday and I hope to God you ain’t going to get up here first thing this morning† (Madden 288). Even little boy Travis asks his mother on Friday morning, â€Å"Mama, this is Friday. (Gleefully.) Check coming tomorrow, huh?† (Madden 289). The family expects the check. Everyone in the family has his or her own plan to use the check except mother, Lena. Walter wants to use the part of money to invest little liquor store. He said to Ruth, â€Å"Yeah. You see, little liquor store we got in mind cost seventy-five thousand and we figured the initial investment on the place [†¦]. Course, there’s couple of hundred you got to pay so’s you don’t spent your life just waiting for them clowns to let your license get approved† (Madden 292). This liquor store seems his dream and future. Beneatha also counts on this check. She wants to use this money to pay her college tuition. She said to Walter, â€Å"What do you want from me, Brother- that I quit school or just drop dead, Which!† (Madden 295). Beneatha has already made up her mind but her mother has not yet. Lena plans to use some money for Beneatha education. She said to Ruth, â€Å"I ain’t rightly decided. [†¦] Some of it got to be put away for Beneatha and her schoolin† (Madden 298). Like all other mothers, she will support and pay her children education. On Friday, Lena can not help thinking his husband all the time. She talks about their dream. She said to Ruth, â€Å"I remember just as well the day me and Big Walter moved in there. [†¦]. We was going to set away, little by little [†¦]. But lord, child, you should know all the dream I had ’bout buying that house and fixing it up and making me a little garden in the back- (she waits and stops smiling.) And didn’t none of it happen† (Madden 299). She feels sad becaus e her husband dead. When the check comes on Saturday, Lena does not open it right away. She is staring at it while, â€Å"She finally makes a good strong tear and pulls out the thin blue slice of paper and inspects it closely† (Madden 313). This light check appears to be heavy to her, because this check represents her husband life. She is still missing him. She, of course, will not want to use this money to invest a liquor store. Lena firmly said to Walter, â€Å"I’m sorry ’bout your liquor store, son. It just was’t the thing for us to do. That’s what I want to tell you about† (Madden 315). However, her son does not understand it and do what he wants until he loses all his investing money. Though there are many opportunities through the people’s life, it is important to make good decisions and take good opportunity with less risk. Wild is the place where people learn their life lessons.  Younger’s family learns one of their life lessons during moving day. Mrs. Johnson is a black lady and a neighbor of Younger’s family. She comes to their apartment and brings a newspaper with â€Å"NEGROES INVADE CLYBOURNE PARK – BOMBED† (Madden 332). She wants their family to stay at their community and not to move to the white society. She is a jealous woman, but she represents a voice of the Africa-America community. Contrast to Mrs. Johnson, Mr. Lindner is a white man and represents the white community of Clybourne Park. He introduces â€Å"I am a representative of the Clybourne Park improvement association† (Madden 339). He tries to persuade them not to move into their white community. They worry that the Younger’s family will bring trouble to the white community and reduce the quality of the community. Mr. Lindner said, â€Å"We feel that most of the trouble in this world, when you come right down to it† (Madden 341). He thinks that black people should live in their community and would be happy in their community. Mr. Lindner suggests that â€Å"[†¦] our Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities† (Madden 341). The Younger’s family has to deal with the real pressure. This pressure comes from the real world and is reflected through the real people. Walter learns his life lessons when Bobo tells him that his investing money is gone. This is disaster news for him. For him, this money means his dream and his future. Now, suddenly, all money has gone. He, of course, will get very angry and panic. He cries hard like kids. Hansberry describes that â€Å"He is wandering around, crying out for Willy† (347). Though it is a terribly painful moment, it helps him to think why it happens, how it happens, and what he is going to do. He thinks deeply at the moment. He totally changes his behaviors. He becomes calm a nd quiet, no drunk and no smoking. He lies on the bed in the apartment. Hansberry describes that â€Å"At left we can see Walter wither his room, alone with himself. He is stretched out on the bed, his shirt out and open, his arms under his head. He does not smoke, he does not cry out, he merely lies there, looking up at the ceiling, much as if he were alone in the world† (349). A deep thinking helps Walter building up the strength inside him. He learns the lesson from his failure. Walter tells his mother that â€Å" He’s taught me something. He’s taught me to keep my eye on what counts in this world [†¦] Thanks, Willy!† (Madden 345). Now he looks on the world in a totally different way. He begins to stand up like a man and behavior like a man and think like a man. He said to his mother and his sister that â€Å" Someone tell me –tell me, who decides which women is supposed to wear pearls in this world. I will tell you I am a man- and I think my wife should wear some pearls in this world!† (Madden 355). This is important change. Walter gets supports from his mother. She teaches him that they live here for freedom and not for money. They have to stand up on their feet in this world, nerve shame themselves and never dead inside their mind. She said, â€Å"Son- I come from five generations of people who was slaves and sharcroppers- but ain’t nobody in my family never let nobody pay’em no money that was a way of telling us we wasn’t fit to walk the earth. We ain’t never been that poor. [†¦]We ain’t never been that- dead inside† (Madden 355). The life is not always easy, but it is important to deal with and to learn from it. Rural means that all conflicts are resolved. Walter becomes a real man. When Mr. Lindner comes to their house again, Walter tells Mr. Lindner is that their family is a hard working family as same as other families in his community. In the story, Hansberriy writes that â€Å" I have worked as a chauffeur most of my life- and my wife here, she domestic work in people’s kitchens. So does my mother† (madden 357). Walter also wants Mr. Lindner to know that they are good people and they are proud themselves. He said, â€Å"[†¦] we come from people who had a lot of pride. I mean- we are very proud people† (Madden 358). He wants Mr. Lindner to understand that they have worked hard to achieve their life goal since his father. His father had worked hard for most of his life. They decide to move into this house because of his father. Walter tells Mr. Lindner their final decision, â€Å"we have decided to move into our house because my father- my father- he earned it f or us brick by brick† (Madden 358). Finally, Walter mentions to Mr. Lindner that the white community does not need to worry about their family. They will not bring troubles to the community whereas they will be good neighbors for the community. They do not want the community money. The community money can not represent his father’s life. In the story, Walter said, â€Å" We don’t want to make no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, and will try to be good neighbors. And that’s all we get to say about that. [†¦] We don’t want your money† (Madden 358). After going through the conflict, Walter builds up his confidence and finds his identity. As a mother, Lena is proud to see her children learning their life and becoming the man and the woman. She said, â€Å"they something all right, my children† (Madden 359). Beneahta decides to go to Africa and practices there as a doctor. She wants finding her African root in there. She tells he r mother and her brother that â€Å"To go to Africa, Mama- be a doctor in Africa† (Madden 359) and â€Å"To practice there† (Madden 359). Lena is very happy to see her son finally growing up as a man. She said that â€Å"He finally come into his manhood today, didn’t he? Kind of like a rainbow after the rain† (Madden 360). She is also proud of herself and her husband because their dream becomes true. They own the house and have a good happy family. The â€Å"use of space† presents the real life of the Younger’s family. In the story â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†, the Younger’s family improves the living condition from poor to good through their hard working. The family experiences the stresses and the conflicts inside the family and outside the society. They are satisfied with their choice and enjoy the new life. Their life experience is just like â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†. This new home was the only thing that could truly bring his family back together. This home brought a problem in their family that only them together could get them out of. Mr. Linder came to offer them money not to move into their new house. At this point they were at a compromising position. It sounded really good for them to go on and sell the house, but Lena knew that they couldn’t give in to the racial discrimination that they held up to in the previous scene. Walter wanted to get the money back so he could try to redeem himself, but Lena wanted him to become like his father and do the right thing and that’s what he did. He brought the family back together when he said, â€Å"We have decided to move into our house because my father- my father- he earned it for us brick by brick. We dont want to make no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, and we will try to be good neighbors. And thats all we got to say about that. We dont want your money.† (Act 3) This is when everybody believe that Walter has become a man like his father and the family came together against racism and moved into their new home. From ten thousand dollars to zero dollars the Youngers have learned how important each member of the family is no matter what the circumstance and that standing together they could fight and problem even racial discrimination. Another thing that the Youngers have tought the readers are that dreams and visions are very important. Some are better than other and the ones that are better may be the ones that take the most away. Even thought Walter lost all of the money he still became a man like his father and took the responsibility of making up for it. He did just like his momma raised him to do, and that was to fight what he believed in. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on A Raisin in the Sun topics from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom written papers.

Emirates airlines company analysis Research Paper

Emirates airlines company analysis - Research Paper Example Emirates Group Company has a fleet of about 169 aircrafts. The company operates in the United States, east and west Asia, Europe, Middle East, Australasia, Indian Ocean, and Africa (The Emirates Group, 2012). The Emirates Airline began in 1985, and it has its headquarters in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. The company’s main mission is to emerge the top airline in the world, which is inspired by the fact that Dubai ranks among the leading cities around the world. Emirates Airlines is owned partly by the government of Dubai and partly by a city part of the United Arab Emirates. The airline is part of the Emirates Group of companies, which began in 1959. Today, Emirates Airline can be regarded as the largest airline in the Middle East and is Dubai’s national airline. The airline is best known for its first class and business class services and has received several international awards in safety, on-time arrivals, and in-flight services (The Emirates Group, 2011). The Emi rates respects diversity at the workplace and in the management of its operations. This helps in eliminating a negative culture within an organization (The Emirates Group, 2012). ... A team work culture enables employees to pay attention to the company's goals, which enables the airline to sustain its competitive advantage. Team work produces actions that are highly coordinated. The management and employees are in constant joint efforts that enhance the quality of Emirate’s services and products (The Emirates Group, 2012). Hiring personnel at the Emirates The Emirates airline focuses more on hiring employees with significant experience in airline and travel industry. Persons interested in working with the airline apply for the preferred positions on the company’s website or by dropping their applications to the company’s offices around the world. Successful applicants are then invited for interviews test for a person’s skills, employment history, motivation, and availability. The nature of the interviews depends on the job applied for, and jobs such as those of pilots may involve intensive recruitment procedures. Interviews at the Emir ates mainly involve panel interviews, company presentations, one-on-one interviews, and group interviews (The Emirates Group, 2012). Objectives of personnel selection process The Emirates airlines recognizes that for it to achieve its strategic objectives and to secure its values, recruiting and retaining skilled and committed workforce are of the essence. Therefore, the company’s recruitment and selection procedures are structured in a way that helps the company to hire the best suited candidates for various job positions. The recruitment and selection procedures are guided by several policies. At the top, of the recruitment and selection procedures is the need to ensure that there is an equal opportunity for all applicants. Secondly, the hiring process focuses on ensuring that

Comparative Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Comparative Analysis - Essay Example In Genesis 2, God created heavens and earth. In addition, after creating the land, God made it grow tree out of it in order to make it pleasant, and created rivers passing through it. Then, God created man to till the land (Genesis 1 and 2). The Mongolian creation story revolves around a father and two sons who lived in the world, which by then was made of the upper and under world and covered by water all over. The two boys decided to create dry land using mud then later created animals to stay on that land including the dog that first had very smooth skin, which could talk. The American Mayan creation theory talks of existence of two gods before the world attained its true form. These were the Maker and the Feathered Spirit who lived in utmost darkness, except for their glittering features. Consequently, the two gods collectively created the world and things in it, which happened instantly according to their thoughts. Darwin’s theory on the origin of species is another creat ion theory is based on the idea of variation. It argues that the many characteristics and adaptations that differentiate different species of organisms is an indication of possible evolution of species over time, which continually diverged. These creation stories reveal that there are two sides to creation, that is, naturalists vs. evolutionists. Contrary to what naturalists suggest, species are not created independently, neither are they immutable. Nevertheless, all these stories differ on how species developed into their current complex forms, but they are reconcilable in the fact that they share a common ground that creation started from an existing being or object ignited by some supernatural power. According to Genesis 1 story of creation, first there was heaven and earth, which was void without any form. Then God said, â€Å"Let there be light: and there was light† (Genesis 1),